He alone records Enochs glorious prophecy about the Second Coming of the Son of Man (Doctrinal New Testament Commentary, 3vols. Philippians 2:1-4 states: If you have any encouragement from being united with Christ, if any comfort from his love, if any fellowship with the Spirit, if any tenderness and compassion, then make my joy complete by being like-minded, having the same love, being one in spirit and purpose. The four short letters of 1-3 John and Jude deliver powerful messages of correct living in a wrong world and are as relevant today as they were in the first century. It is interesting to study why John wrote these epistles because this has much to do with their content and how they apply to us today as Christians. The Greek term for church is feminine, and it was common to personify the Church as a woman (see Ephesians 5:2527,32; Revelation 12:14,17; 19:78). How could you do better at showing love toward your family, friends, or even strangers? John gives us the reasons he wrote these books of the Bible but scatters them throughout 1, 2 and 3 John. This has been frequently used to intimate that the author, although describing himself as John (Rev. When and where was 3 John written? New Testament commentators generally believe that 1John was written between A.D.70 and 100, perhaps in the last few years of the first century. 1:1 +, Rev. Publication Date: 2005-03-01. Because of its resemblance to the fourth gospel in style, vocabulary, and ideas, it is generally agreed that both works are the product of the same school of Johannine Christianity. 3.1.2). In short, these detractors attempt to reinterpret the doctrines of the Church to fit their own preconceived views, and in the process deny Christ and His messianic role (Beware of False Prophets and False Teachers, Ensign, Nov. 1999,63). 3 Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made. But scholars debate whether 1 John was written before, after, or together with 2 & 3 John. John encouraged Gaius to continue in goodness and informed him that he would soon visit him (see 3John 1:1113). Docetism was part of a larger movement known as Gnosticism. A brief introduction and overview of the book of 1 & 2 Corinthians as recorded in 'The Bible Brief' - A complete summary of the Bible from Genesis to Hi I'm James, best-selling author of 'The Bible Brief' and 'The 12 Minor Prophets' on Amazon. The epistle of 3John was written to Gaius, a faithful member of the Church whom John praised for showing unselfish devotion to the cause of Christ by providing accommodations for Gods traveling servants (see 3John 1:58). John called the Saints the sons of God and said that when he shall appear, we shall be like him (1John 3:12). John expressed joy because his children walk in truth (3John 1:4). In the young Christian congregations, these . Parallelism. To see or understand the difference; to make a distinction. First John maps out the three main components of saving knowledge . To lay the basis of or establish. Elder BruceR. McConkie taught, To have fellowship with the Lord in this life is to enjoy the companionship of his Holy Spirit, and to have fellowship with him in eternity is to be like him, having that eternal life of which he is the possessor and originator (Doctrinal New Testament Commentary, 3vols. But ever since the fourth century when Eusebius wrote, there has been debate in the church about the authorship of the three letters attributed in the New Testament to John. Introducing 1st John When written: Most likely between A.D.85 - 95. Written as recorded in 'The Bible Brief' - a complete summary of the 66 books and letters that make up the protestant Bible as we know it today. John warned his readers that many deceivers are entered into the world (2John 1:7). However, Jude instead found it needful to exhort his readers to earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints (Jude 1:3). Those councils are more in tune with the Lord than any individual person they preside over (Finding Light in a Dark World [1995],121). To learn more about receiving answers to our prayers, see 1Nephi 15:811; Alma 26:22; 3Nephi 18:20; Doctrine and Covenants 46:30; 50:2930; 88:6364. The Second Coming of Jesus Christ, by GrantR. Clawson. Written near the end of the John's life, 1 John was meant to revive the faith, love, and hope of his readers and encourage them to renew an authentic, contagious walk with Christ. See Doctrine and Covenants91 for what the Lord revealed to Joseph Smith about apocryphal works. Sodom and Gomorrah were ancient neighboring cities located somewhere near the Dead Sea, probably at its southern end. Irenaeus (AD 175195), bishop of Lyon, was born in Asia Minor and as a child personally knew Polycarp, who is said to have been appointed bishop of Smyrna by eyewitnesses of the Lord Jesus. Copyright 2020 HarperCollins Publishers. Take His yoke upon you. The blood of Christ cleanses us from sin. Water, blood, and the Spirit are related to mortal birth, spiritual rebirth, and the Saviors atoning sacrifice, as the following chart illustrates (see Moses 6:5960): The child is surrounded by water in the womb. But John was a common name at the time, and early in Christian history some came to doubt if the elder was the same man as the author of 1 John and Johns gospel. John: 90 A.D., from Ephesus. This doctrine continued to be taught by many Christian writers after the deaths of the Apostles. No one who continues to sin has either seen him or known him." b. In bold opposition, he rebelled against God and kept not his first estate [Abraham 3:28]. Why do you think it is important to rely on the words of prophets and apostles rather than the teachings of the world? Their opinion was that Jesus Christ only seemed to have a physical body and to suffer and die on the cross. THIS CONTENT IS PROVIDED AS IS AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE OR REMOVAL AT ANY TIME., link to Summary of Isaiah The Prophet (expanded). Each of you should look not only to your own interests, but also to the interests of others.. We should love one another is one of Johns central messages (1John 3:11). How are you doing in this area? Make a list of ways you can come to know God better. Clement of Alexandria place the apostle John in Ephesus during most of his later years. Pervade. In form, 1John is more of a doctrinal essay or treatise than an epistle to a specific Christian congregation. It seems obvious from all three of these documents that the writer was a Christian leader of wide and prominent influence. a.d. 200, a fragment of an early Latin list of books which were considered canonical), thought to be associated with the church of Rome, is somewhat convoluted in its account of the Letters of John. Jude warned the Saints of ungodly men who had crept in unawares (Jude 1:4; see also verse15). Each person born in mortality is literally the offspring of heavenly parents, having received a spirit body in the premortal world. He was baptized just a few days later. (2) The Muratorian Canon (sometimes referred to as the Muratorian Fragment, ca. Though Jude does not appear to have held a prominent leadership position in the early Church, early Christians held his epistle in sufficient esteem to include it in the New Testament canon. We do not know the location of its composition. 1 Corinthians 1:9 tells us that God calls us to fellowship with His Son. Judes language in Jude 1:1 conveys his belief that God the Father and Jesus Christ are separate Beings. Terms in this set (15) False. Along with articles & posts of a Christian nature, my aim here is to post summaries of every book/epistle in the complete Bible from genesis to Revelation.Much of this material is extracted from my books to enable the Bible student access to the material at zero cost should funds be limited! The Apostle John, son of Zebedee, is believed to have written the epistles of 1, 2, and 3 John. 5 The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it. Its been a busy few months at MasterLectures. He then taught that disciples of Jesus Christ have an obligation to love their brethren. Papias mentions John twice, once as a disciple of the Lord and again as an elder. But Eusebius overlooked the fact that even when Papias refers to Peter and James, he doesnt at first call them apostles but elders, suggesting that the two titles were not mutually exclusive in Papias. This term can be seen as one of endearment, much like when Paul referred to Timothy as his son (see 1Timothy 1:2,18; 2Timothy 1:2). Only God truly satisfies (cf. We believe that the purpose of mortal life is to acquire a physical body and, through the atonement of Jesus Christ and by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the gospel, to qualify for the glorified, resurrected celestial state that is called exaltation or eternal life., (This destiny of eternal life or Gods life should be familiar to all who have studied the ancient Christian doctrine of and belief in deification or apotheosis).. The apparent addition is the words in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one. Books and articles that equip you for deeply biblical thinking and ministry. John spoke about how he and others had personally seen, heard, and touched the resurrected Jesus Christ (see 1John 1:13). This non-canonical work presents the doctrine that Moses was translated and taken up into heaven without tasting death. In their view, Jesus Christ was not literally born in the flesh, and He did not inhabit a tangible body, bleed, suffer, die, or rise with a physical resurrected bodyHe only seemed to do these things. Traditionally the author has been understood to be Jude the half-brother of Jesus Christ (see Matthew 13:55; Mark 6:3). Joy in the life of a Christian is a result of their close relationship with the Lord. We are engaged in a battle between the forces of light and darkness. Galatians 5:22-23 tells us the fruits of the Spirit and one of these fruits is joy. John wrote that one purpose of his letter was to help his readers have fellowship with those who had seen and heard Jesus Christ, and then in turn enjoy fellowship with the Father, and with his Son Jesus Christ (John 1:3). This is an expanded summary of the book of Isaiah as recorded in 'The Major Prophets of the Bible' available through This Link on Amazon. "But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus, his Son, purifies us from all sin" (1:7). Obedience becomes a delight (The Great Commandment, Ensign or Liahona, Nov. 2007,30). 1, 2, 3 John: 92 A.D., from Ephesus. It taught me that the organization of the Church consisted of Prophets, Apostles, Pastors and Teachers., These are the things which I learned, and they made an impression upon me. He knew his joy would be their joy as well if they received his instruction of obeying Gods commands and standing against the false teachers. What is important is that these verses emphasize the blood of Christ. Key Verses: 1 John 1:9, "If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just and will forgive us our sins and purify us from all unrighteousness." 1 John 3:6, "No one who lives in him keeps on sinning. Concerning people like Diotrephes, the Prophet Joseph Smith (180544) wrote, It is the nature and disposition of almost all men, as soon as they get a little authority, as they suppose, they will immediately begin to exercise unrighteous dominion (D&C 121:39; see also 2Nephi 26:29). Some claimed that Jesus Christ had not come in the flesh (see 1John 4:13). Another possibility is that the elect lady and her children were Johns wife and family. However, John wrote that perfect love casteth out fear (1John 4:18). Satan opposed the burial. Finally, all opposition having been overcome, the assumption took place in the presence of Joshua and Caleb (R.H. Charles, The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament, vol.2, pp. This is relevant in every generation of the church until the Lord returns. The Johannine Epistles are today read as an important part of the Johannine literature. Act on your plan, and record your experience in your journal. The authors of the letters are addressing real questions, issues, and circumstances that are pressing at that moment of time. For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit, because anyone who serves Christ in this way is pleasing to God and approved by men., May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace as you trust in him, so that you may overflow with hope by the power of the Holy Spirit., You know how we lived among you for your sake. They are choosing to walk in the dark shadows of sinful practices and are avoiding the light of living under the instruction of the Holy Spirit. Cain murdered his brother Abel in order to gain his brothers flocks (see Genesis 4:8; Moses 5:3233). John also contrasted those who choose to continue in sin with those who abide in Christ (see John 15:111). Against such things there is no law. When we live in step with the Spirit one of the manifestations will be joy in our lives. Safety is found in following apostolic direction, as President M.Russell Ballard expressed: These are difficult times, and the worlds cultural and sociological landmarks of propriety, honesty, integrity, and political correctness are constantly shifting. At such times, we might well ask, Is there one clear, unpolluted, unbiased voice that we can always count on? -similarities in style between these three letters and john's gospel . This he did all for a family of strangers. Because we are grounded in His Word and have the Holy Spirit living within us we know God cares for us and will give us strength to cope. The major themes of 1, 2, and 3 John is first to assure Christians of their salvation and secondly to refute the false teachers that are attempting to lead Christians astray. No one comes to the Father except through Me' (John 14:6). For example, Kruse briefly comments on the use of chrisma in 1 John 2:20; in another place he has a useful summary of the New Testament teaching on antichrist. John reminded his readers that in spite of antichrists who try to deceive, they must not lose the spiritual progress they have made (see 2John 1:8). 2 John and 3 John. That voice is the voice of the living prophet and apostles.. Because Jesus Christ was perfectly righteous and satisfied the demands of justice for the sins of others, He is qualified to plead on our behalf before the Father (see Hebrews 7:2526; 2Nephi 2:9; D&C 29:5; 45:35). Written as recorded in The Bible Brief a complete summary of the 66 books and letters that make up the protestant Bible as we know it today. In Acts 2:40-44 we see that when Christians spend time building their relationships with each other and the Lord, spiritual growth occurs and miracles take place that validate Gods message of life and salvation. In what ways do the writings of John and Jude contribute to your understanding of the Apostasy? To be abundant or spread throughout. Part of Gnostic belief was that you could do anything you wanted with your body because it did not affect the spiritual aspects of who you were as a person. The existence of similar false teachings is also evident in Pauls writings (see Colossians 2:89). During the half hour immediately preceding her death, I walked the floor with the little creature in my arms. 1 John 1:3-4). When written: Most likely between A.D.85 95. Followers of Docetism overemphasized Jesuss spiritual nature to the point that they rejected the idea that He came to earth in actual bodily form. Here Jude was referring to the faith that was taught originally by Christ Himself and then by His Apostles. Not only did John deal with this very effectively, but he also gave us this terrific epistle on love and just what it really should be like between ourselves and between us and God the Father. Thus John said of the saints, Ye have an unction from the Holy One, and ye know all things (1John 2:20), that is, they had received the Holy Ghost so that the spirit of revelation and knowledge rested with them (Mormon Doctrine, 2nd ed. We show our love for God by loving others and by our obedience to the commandments. John and Jude wrote their epistles at a time when apostasy was threatening the Church. When Christ comes again, the righteous will be like Him. Therefore, in 1 John he addresses the audience as an apostle, whereas in 2 and 3 John, he addresses them as their pastor. He came back the next morning to find that one more of the children had died during the night. Although John spent a major portion of his life in Palestine, the area was hostile to Christians and Jews following the destruction of Jerusalem and its temple in A.D.70. Order the DVD, watch the videos on Vimeo or Amazon Prime Video, or stream the lectures on MasterLectures right now with a 14-day FREE trial. John warned of antichrists and false prophets. When Gods truth is heard and obeyed joy grows in all Christians everywhere. Jude acknowledged the ongoing apostasy in the ancient Church as he described ungodly men who entered the ranks of the Church without the awareness of the members and then taught false doctrines (see Jude 1:4). John apparently wrote this epistle for the same purposes as 1John. The phrase little children is used similarly in John 13:33 and Doctrine and Covenants 78:17. The earliest ascription of authorship to John comes from Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna (d. AD 156), and from Papias, a contemporary of Polycarp, whose writings survive only as quotations in the later writings of Irenaeus and Eusebius. Jude compared these rebellious individuals to people in Old Testament times who were destroyed for their disobediencethe Israelites who were led out of Egypt and later failed to forsake their sins, and the inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah. Judes message was that the Saints worship and social practices were becoming corrupted by inappropriate behavior (see also 1Corinthians 11:1834; 1Peter 4:3; 2Peter 2:13). For example, the bishop Cyprian (about A.D. 200258) wrote: What man is, Christ was willing to be, that man also may be what Christ is. What Christ is, we Christians shall be, if we imitate Christ (The Treatises of Cyprian, 6.11,15, in Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, eds., The Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325: Ante-Nicene Fathers, 10vols. Copyright thebiblebrief.com 2023 | CERTAIN CONTENT THAT APPEARS ON THIS SITE COMES FROM AMAZON SERVICES LLC. Will you tell me why you dont contend for that Gospel that Jesus Christ taught, and that His Apostles taught? According to Jude, he had originally intended to write about the common salvation (Jude 1:3), meaning the idea that salvation is available to all men, not just a select few (BruceR. McConkie, Doctrinal New Testament Commentary,3:416). John exhorted his readers to believe not every spirit, but try the spirits whether they are of God (1John 4:1). New Testament scholars believe that 2John was written between A.D.70 and 100, probably in the last years of the first century. Pursue a deeper knowledge of God through self-paced college- and seminary-level online courses in Old and New Testament studies, theology, biblical Greek, and more. John bluntly labeled those who taught false doctrine as being antichrist (1John 2:18,22; 4:3), and he encouraged Church members to shun falsehoods and remain with him in fellowship with the Father, and with his Son Jesus Christ (1John 1:3). Jude cited scripture and Jewish apocryphal accounts to show how God had dealt in times past with individuals who openly opposed His work. A similar statement occurs in 2 John 7, where the antichrists are called "deceivers who have gone out into the world" and are said to deny that "Jesus Christ has come in the flesh.". Responding to docetic teachings, he testified that Jesus Christ literally came to earth in the flesh, labeling those who taught otherwise as antichrist (2John 1:7). When the spiritual light of the Holy Ghost is present, the darkness of Satan departs. Through the life and ministry of Jesus Christ, we can see a manifestation of Heavenly Fathers great love for us. President JamesE. Faust (19202007) of the First Presidency cautioned: There is a certain arrogance in thinking that any of us may be more spiritually intelligent, more learned, or more righteous than the councils called to preside over us. Those who most aggressively mock the Church and its standards are those who walk after their own ungodly lusts and who separate themselves from the believers because they do not have the Spirit (Jude 1:1819; see also 2Peter 3:3). So part of our calling as Christians is to fellowship with the Lord. It is to him that we turn for our meager knowledge of the disputation between Michael and Lucifer about the body of Moses. To read more about mortals being able to see God, see John 14:23; Acts 7:56; Doctrine and Covenants 93:1; Joseph SmithHistory 1:1617; and the commentary for John 1:18. due to the author's consciousness that his message was to be read to an assembled congregation (or congregations). [196573],3:371). Why do you not contend for that religion that gives unto you power before God, power to heal the sick, to make the blind to see, the lame to walk, and that gives you the Holy Ghost and those gifts and graces that have been manifest from the creation of the world?. John teaches us here that by keeping our eyes on Jesus and by following his commandments to love one another, then we can indeed overcome the world and walk in the light of the true Gospel of Christ. John was not suggesting that the Saints should fail to extend common courtesy to those who taught contrary doctrines. Choose one of those things and create a plan to implement it in your life. With so much going on, its easy to lose track of whats been happening. There was a campaign doing the rounds at this time, seeking to undermine the eye witness accounts of Jesus physical resurrection. Enhance your schools traditional and online education programs by easily integrating online courses developed from the scholars and textbooks you trust. An Update on MasterLectures: New Videos, a Podcast, and Free Previews. Judes epistle would have helped his readers discern evil people of his day. This means that when you click our links and make purchases we may recieve a comission. The New Testament as a whole is focused on one person who lived in the early third of the first century, Jesus of Nazareth, and the significance of his life, death, and resurrection. Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit, but in humility consider others better than yourselves. John began this letter by declaring that he had personally seen, heard, and touched the resurrected Jesus Christ. These accounts basically claimed that it was not Jesus at all, but his ghost or spirit. Christians do sin at times but these sins are brought to light because they walk in the light. This is what the false teachers were doing, they were Gnostics and believed that you could sin with your body and still have a relationship with God. True. Even though it had been only a few decades since the death of Jesus Christ, false teachers were teaching a doctrine different from that taught by the Apostles (see 2John 1:910). Balaam used his God-given gift of prophecy to seek after riches and honor (see Numbers 22:5; 25:18). In this epistle, John repeatedly contrasted light with darkness and encouraged readers to abide in the light. John advised the Saints that if they encountered a false teacher, they should receive him not into your house, neither bid him God speed (2John 1:10). A propitiation is a sacrifice made to regain Gods favor or goodwill (see 1John 2:2; 4:10). Beloved, if God so loved us, we ought also to love one another [1John 4:1011]and to love Him forever, I pray (The Grandeur of God, Ensign or Liahona, Nov. 2003, 7273; see also the commentary for John 3:1417). This reestablishes their relationship with their Heavenly Father and can also restore their relationships with other Christians. In each letter the writer calls himself "the Presbyter," and their common authorship is further evidenced by internal similarities in style and wording, especially in . The same faith that we read about in the New Testament has been restored in our day and is found in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Johns letters reflect the second and third issues: heresy and a crisis of leadership. Christs atoning blood allows us to be born again. So that fellowship can continue between Christians, as well as between Christians and their Heavenly Father and Jesus Christ. May we seek to obey the Word so that our holy living fosters good relationships with those we come in contact with and builds a closer relationship with our Heavenly Father. Consequently, they allow us to distinguish three periods of the first century and place the events and the origin of the books within each period: The gospel and letters of John were written within this last period, when the church at large faced huge issues, such as organized persecution of Christians by the Roman government, heresy infiltrating the church (especially from the various Greek philosophies), and a crisis of church leadership, especially as the apostles died and the Lord had not returned. Internal Evidence: 1. The parallelisms in 1 John are striking for their simplicity: Christ vs. antichrists, light vs. darkness, truth vs. falsehood, righteousness vs. sin, love of the Father vs. love of the world, and the Spirit of God vs. the spirit of the Antichrist. By submitting your email address, you understand that you will receive email communications from HarperCollins Christian Publishing (501 Nelson Place, Nashville, TN 37214 USA) providing information about products and services of HCCP and its affiliates. Jude is a general epistle addressed to faithful Christiansto them that are sanctified by God the Father, and preserved in Jesus Christ (Jude 1:1). From the Book of Mormon we learn that Moses was translated and taken into heaven without tasting death (see Alma 45:19). John affirmed his personal witness of Jesus Christ and invited his readers to experience a similar joy and fellowship with the Father and the Son. Because of the writing style, the place in the canon, and the content, the apostle John is most likely the author of these letters. Some individuals in the Church were teaching that Jesus Christ did not have a physical body. The book of Moses, however, confirms that Enoch was given knowledge of the last days and of the Saviors Second Coming (see Moses 7:6266). We deceive ourselves when we ignore our sins or say that we have no sin. Testament. John rejoiced because the elect lady and her children were true and faithful (2John 1:1). Church tradition from the earliest days of Christianity has ascribed these letters to John, commonly believed to be the apostle Johnone of Jesus chosen twelve, the son of Zebedee, and the disciple whom Jesus loved of Johns gospel. An antichrist is anyone or anything that counterfeits the true gospel plan of salvation and that openly or secretly opposes Christ (Guide to the Scriptures, Antichrist; scriptures.lds.org). The King James Version of 1John 3:6 reads, Whosoever sinneth hath not seen him [Christ], neither known him. The Joseph Smith Translation of 1John 3:6, 89 clarifies the difference between one who sins and one who continues in sin: Whosoever continueth in sin hath not seen him, neither known him., He that continueth in sin is of the devil.. Jude 1:9 says that Michael the archangel disputed with the devil over the body of Moses. THE SECOND LETTER OF JOHN Written in response to similar problems, the Second and Third Letters of John are of the same length, perhaps determined by the practical consideration of the writing space on one piece of papyrus. Start studying 1,2,3 john, jude. God's Breath Publications There are many books in the New Testament that are what termed "epistles." However, only acknowledgement that Jesus was indeed the Son of God, crucified and risen in the flesh will be enough to satisfy The Father that we are worthy to enter the kingdom of Heaven, and participate in the marriage supper of The Lamb (Rev.19:7-9). This book was written to highly commend two godly church members (Gaius and Demetrius) for their role model lives and to soundly condemn another member (Diotrephes) for his gross and godless actions within the church. She died in agony at 10a.m. The three children had all departed within the space of 24hours. Much emphasis is placed upon the 'truth' with a similar context of false teaching assumed. The author of 1John did not identify himself in the epistle; however, as early as the second century, Christian scholars have identified the author as the Apostle John, one of the original Twelve. John proclaims from the beginning that God is light, as a way of highlighting the dark, immoral teachings of the Gnostics and encouraging the believers to walk in the light of The Lord. Jude 1:49 is indeed similar in wording to 2Peter 2; however, Peter was prophesying of future apostasy whereas Jude spoke of an apostasy that was currently taking place (see 2Peter 2:1; Jude 1:4). Textual variants in the First Epistle of John are the subject of the study called textual criticism of the New Testament.Textual variants in manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced. [1966], 81213). Found. Daniel Akin, 1, 2, 3 John (NAC; Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 2001). 1:4 +, Rev. The Apostle John was particularly concerned with the influence of the Gnostics within the church, who basically advocated that all spirit was good and all flesh was bad, therefore Jesus was not a real physical being but a spirit-being. The apostle John probably wrote 1, 2 & 3 John in AD 90-95 from Ephesus after he wrote the Gospel of John but before he wrote Revelation. He continues this letter by re-iterating the basic tenets of the faith, emphasizing that he did not expect them to be perfect (1:9), but that they should overcome the world by showing their love for one another as God loves us, by loving God and keeping his commandments (5:3).
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