1920. ", Nienstaedt, H. (1957). [7] Good development occurs on moist alluvium on the banks of streams and borders of swamps. Manual of the Trees of North America, 2nd corrected ed. [72][74][75][76][77][33][78][79] White spruce makes good growth on well-drained lacustrine soils in Alberta Mixedwoods,[80] on moderately-well-drained clay loams in Saskatchewan,,[81] and on melanized loams and clays (with sparse litter and a dark-coloured organically-enriched mineral horizon) in the Algoma district of Ontario. Fertility of transplant fields at the Prince Albert Forest Nursery. Div., Ottawa ON, Silv. 2 p. Wagg, J.W.G. (1971). Turku A.II, Vol. Evergreen. The late summer and fall group includes the common spruce-fir looper (Semiothisa signaria dispuncta) and the similar hemlock angle (moth) Macaria fissinotata on hemlock, the small spruce loopers Eupithecia species, the gray spruce looper Caripeta divisata, occasionally abundant, the black-dashed hydriomena moth (Hydriomena divisaria), and the whitelined looper (Eufidonia notataria). Rev. Among them European spruce sawfly, yellow-headed spruce sawfly, green-headed spruce sawfly and the spruce webspinning sawfly.[118]. [70] Moist sandy loams also support good growth. Deer, rabbits and grouse browse the foliage in winter, Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day), Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours), 1-2.5" cones that are green in youth and pale brown when mature. 196 p. Nisbet, J. Forest types and ecosystems. "Forest types along lower Liard River, Northwest Territories." Create spectacular spring borders like this one. It was introduced into England[58] and parts of continental Europe[56][59] in or soon after the year 1700, into Denmark about 1790,[60] and into Tasmania and Ceylon shortly before 1932.[61]. [7] Topography, soil conditions, and glaciation may also be important in controlling northern limits of spruce.[54]. Environ., Can. 1999. Especially important in determining the response of white spruce to low temperatures is the physiological state of the various tissues, notably the degree of "hardening" or dormancy. ; Haddon, B.D. Very common in cultivation. In Labrador, white spruce is not abundant and constitutes less than 5% of the forest, with a range that coincides very closely with that of black spruce but extending slightly further north.[49]. 1957. A history of British forest-trees. USDA, For. 172 p. Forestry Branch. For., Can. Res. Note 94. In Alaska, associates include paper birch, trembling aspen, balsam poplar, and black spruce; in western Canada, additional associates are subalpine fir, balsam fir, Douglas-fir, jack pine, and lodgepole pine. [20][21] On soils that limit rooting depth, the root system is plate-like, but it is a common misconception to assume that white spruce is genetically constrained to develop plate-like root systems irrespective of soil conditions. Woody-plant Seed Manual. (Ed.) 4 p. Solomon, A.M.; West, D.C., and Solomon, J.A. JAKARTA Itinerary MUST READ! Res. [75] The most recently exposed surfaces are occupied by sandbar vegetation or riparian shrub willows and Alnus incana. Picea glauca. If you experience harassment, you can report to the University of Minnesota at eoaa.umn.edu/report-misconduct. White spruce also hybridises readily with the closely related Sitka spruce where they meet in southern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia; this hybrid is known as Picea lutzii. Note PNW-129. ", Warren RL, Keeling CI, Yuen MMS, Raymond A, Taylor GA, Vandervalk BP, Mohamadi H, Paulino D, Chiu R, Jackman SD, Robertson G, Yang C, Boyle B, Hoffmann M, Weigel D, Nelson DR, Ritland C, Isabel N, Jaquish B, Yanchuk A, Bousquet J, Jones SJM, Mackay J, Birol I, Bohlmann J. Dep. Council, Ottawa ON, Proc. Dwarf Alberta Spruce Care Guide - World of Garden Plants Patrick Breen, 1980. p.81; White spruceAspen. 1095. Mites are common and repeated infestations can do serious injury to the plant. Chron. "Tree breeding in Canada.". Vascular plants are typically few, but shrubs and herbs that occur with a degree of regularity include: alder, willows, mountain cranberry, red-fruit bearberry, black crowberry, prickly rose, currant, buffaloberry, blueberry species, bunchberry, twinflower, tall lungwort, northern comandra, horsetail, bluejoint grass, sedge species, as well as ground-dwelling mosses and lichens. "Preliminary study of white spruce in Minnesota.". Can. Cones are rarely produced. Branch, Ottawa ON, Publ. Jakarta Cathedral. [4], Mature tree that has lost its lower branches, The bark is thin and scaly, flaking off in small circular plates, Twig with striped, blue-green, four-sided needles, Seeds are small, 2.5 to 5 mm long, oblong, and acute at the base. 61. Do not reproduce or embed any content from this website without written authorization from Iseli Nursery. Tiny Tower Dwarf Alberta Spruce - Monrovia White spruce is an associated species in the following Eastern Forest cover types, by the Society of American Foresters; in the Boreal Forest Region: (1) jack pine, (5) balsam fir, (12) black spruce, (16) aspen, (18) paper birch, and (38) tamarack; in the Northern Forest Region: (15) red pine, (21) eastern white pine, (24) hemlock-yellow birch, (25) sugar maple-beech-yellow birch, (27) sugar maple, (30) red spruce-yellow birch, (32) red spruce, (33) red spruce-balsam fir, (37) northern white-cedar, and (39) black ash-American elm-red maple. "Forest biology and management in high-latitude North American forests." Found at Lake Leggan, Alberta, Canada, by Prof. J.G. Natural regeneration of trees and tall shrubs on forest sites in interior Alaska. Pulp Paper Assoc., Woodlands Section, Woodlands Section Index No. [83] But, broadly, white spruce is able to tolerate considerable droughtiness of sites that are fertile, and no fertile site is too moist unless soil moisture is stagnant. ; Viereck, L.A. 1977. White spruce does well in a wide range of conditions. Sci. Deleting this collection CANNOT be undone. Viereck, L.A. 1975. Resour., For. . 1050 (F-2). Somewhat intolerant of urban stresses such as air pollutants and salt spray. 1035. [106] First, classical definitions generally connote directional changes in species composition and community structure through time, yet the time frame needed for documentation of change far exceeds an average lifespan. Seeds are narrow-winged when mature in one season, cones drop during winter after opening and shedding seeds. Notes 26:2. The mosses compete for nutrients and have a major influence on soil temperatures in the rooting zone. For. ; Stringer, M.H. ", Stoeckeler, J.H. Sawah Besar. "Soil adaptability of white spruce.". 53 p. Viereck, L.A. (1973). Res. [84] Soil fertility holds the key not just to white spruce growth but to the distribution of the species. [72] Thrifty stands of white spruce in Manitoba have developed on soils of pH 7.6 at only 10cm below the surface, and pH 8.4 at 43cm below the surface;[91][92] rooting depth in those soils was at least 81cm. Nisbet[56] noted that firmly-rooted white spruce served very well to stabilize windswept edges of woods in Germany. XII. Environ., Can. 75 p. (Cited in Coates et al. Black Hills Spruce(Picea glaucavar. An abundant calcium supply is common to most white spruce locations in New York state. 3 GALLON POT - Spiral. to 10' tall by 3' wide and occasionally larger, but often smaller, best performance occurs in full sun in a moist, well-drained soil, sited a few feet away from any other hardscape structure, plant, or artificial irrigation, so that airflow and sunshine will remove moisture from the very dense foliage, not tolerant of urban stresses (especially to pollution, Winter salt spray, continuously dry soils, high light reflection, and heat) to which it is often exposed, Pine Family, with a few serious pest (and possibly also disease) problems that, when coupled with the overplanting of this formal shrub, serve to render it as an eventual liability in the landscape, insects (especially mites) will infest the plant sooner or later, especially in areas of the shrub that are more prone to repeated Spring and Summer wetness (such as the backside of the shrub next to a wall or foundation after a rain, the bottom one-third above the morning dew, or the lawn side next to an irrigation system); infestations will lead to localized stem and needle death, which will make the plant very unsightly; for this reason, Dwarf Alberta Spruce should only be used with discretion in areas with good air circulation and possibly with an annual pesticide preventive application program, reversion to the species form will rarely occur as a prominent shoot with thicker stems and much larger foliage; this should be pruned away at just below the point of origination, as it will predominate that section of the shrub and alter its formal appearance, medium- to light-green, very thin, densely packed needles are up to 0.5" long, radiating around the thin stems, virtually non-existent, and ornamentally insignificant, thin brown-gray scales with age, hidden by the branching and foliage to the ground, usually a medium-sized shrub having a very formal, pyramidal outline, of very slow growth rate, with small medium-green needles on the densely branched thin stems, eventually maturing at about 10' in height and 3' in width, with individual branches becoming slightly mounded in the more conical outline of the mature shrub, focal point, specimen, foundation, or entranceway shrub, noted for its naturally formal, semi-dwarf, evergreen, and stately pyramidal appearance, excellent specimen evergreen shrub in terms of its formal, pyramidal habit, slow, tight, and formal growth allows it to be a no-maintenance shrub in terms of pruning or shearing, repeated mite infestations often lead to the very serious decline, dieback, and even death of the plant (unless annual spray programs are implemented), not urban tolerant (although it is often found in stressful situations, especially when drought and poor soil at the transplant site combine with the well-drained media [rather than topsoil] of the original containerized root ball). Picea glauca - Trees and Shrubs Online Picea glauca (Moench) Voss Common Names Picea glauca seldom thrives for very long in the increasingly soft climate of the UK. Check these Great Plant Combination Ideas with Picea - Spruces, A Colorful Summer Border Idea with Hibiscus and Grasses, A Four-Season Border with Evergreen Conifers and Japanese Maples, A Pretty Rock Garden Idea with Colorful Alpine Plants, An Exquisite Spring Border Idea with Sawara Cypress, Tulips and Muscari, A Romantic Spring Garden Idea with Peonies, Irises and Flower Bulbs, A Spectacular Spring Border Idea with Brilliant Tulips and Cotinus, An Eye-Catching Winter Border Idea with Colorful Twigs and Cyclamens, A Spectacular Spring Border Idea with Scarlet Tulips and Cotinus, 1, 1A, 1B, 2, 2A, 2B, 3, 3A, 3B, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, A1, A2, A3, Picea glauca var. (1949). Its seed cones are pendulous, slender, and cylindrical. The vegetation of northern Manitoba. Picea glauca is native from central Alaska all through the east, across western and southern/central Canada to the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland, and south to Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Upstate New York and Vermont, along with the mountainous and immediate coastal portions of New Hampshire and Maine, where temperat. The boreal bioclimates. SIZE: 5 GALLON POT - SPIRAL TOPIARY. [27][28] Resin blisters are normally lacking, but the Porsild spruce Picea glauca var. Picea glauca 'Conica' (Dwarf Alberta Spruce) Evergreen, #3 - Size Container Can. The boreal limits of conifers. USDA, For. Viable seed on white spruce trees in midsummer. Plant and Soil 217(1/2):215228. Heikinheimo[108][109] found that birch ash inhibited white spruce seedlings, and Gregory[110] found that birch litter has a smothering effect on spruce seedlings.".[111]. Hellum, A.K. Somewhat intolerant of urban stresses such as air pollutants and salt spray. A dwarf Alberta spruce grows best in full sun and well-drained acidic soil. We use cookies on this website, you can read about them here. Grows to 60'; 15' spread. [63][64][65] In Scotland, at Corrour, Inverness-shire, Sir John Stirling Maxwell in 1907 began using white spruce in his pioneering plantations at high elevations on deep peat. Blue-green above with several thin lines of stomata and Blue-white below with two broad bands of stomata. Insects that can have an effect include yellow-headed spruce sawfly, spruce budworm, and eastern spruce beetle. ; Steven, H.M.; Marsden, R.E. ; Smith, R.H. 1959. Publ. Alaskas wilderness medicines healthful plants of the North. 1. Dec 11 2021 The Dwarf Alberta Spruce, also known as Picea Glauca Conica, is a popular, slow-growing, dense conifer that is widely sold in retail and garden centers throughout the United States. 1948. (1949). The bark is dark gray or gray-brown and scaly. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.). Picea glauca, commonly called white spruce, is an extremely hardy evergreen conifer that is native to upland areas and lake/stream margins stretching from Alaska across the boreal forest of Canada to Newfoundland, dipping south to Montana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan and New York.This tree typically grows 60-80' tall (less frequently to 140' tall) with a cone . Serv., Washington DC, Misc. [7] In the northern limits of its range, white spruce is the climax species along with black spruce; birch and aspen are the early succession species. [7][114], Outbreaks of spruce beetles have destroyed over 2,300,000 acres (9,300km2) of forests in Alaska. Why Your Dwarf Alberta Spruces Are Dropping Needles [120], A number of sawflies feed on spruce trees. Neiland and Viereck noted that the slow establishment and growth of spruce under birch stands [in Alaska] may be partially due to effects of shading and general competition for water and nutrients, but may also be more directly related to the birch itself. White spruce has also been used as a minor plantation species in England and Scotland. [112] Seral species giving way to white spruce include paper birch, aspen, balsam poplar, jack pine, and lodgepole pine. For., Can. Growth rate is 2-4" per year. Acta Forest. 1094. p.38c56c. It generally occurs on well-drained soils in alluvial and riparian zones, although it also occurs in soils of glacial and lacustrine origin. On certain river bottom sites, however, black spruce may replace white spruce. Picea glauca 'Conica' is a common, small to medium,pyramidal evergreen shrub. Both the initiation and pattern of seed dispersal depend on the weather,[7] but these can vary among trees in the same stand. The needles are short and tightly placed. If you provide us with your name, email address and the payment of a modest $25 annual membership fee, you will become a full member, enabling you to design and save up to 25 of your garden design ideas. Incredibly popular, Picea glauca var. [68] In the far north, the total depth of the moss and underlying humus is normally between 25 and 46cm (10 and 18in), although it tends to be shallower when hardwoods are present in the stand. 140. Seed maturity in white spruce. CPN (Certified Plant Nerd)Patrick.Breen@oregonstate.edu, College of Agricultural Sciences - Department of Horticulture, USDA Hardiness Zone Maps of the United States, Oregon Master Gardener Training: Identifying Woody Plants. Annales Univ. [87][88][98][99], White spruce is extremely hardy to low temperatures, provided the plant is in a state of winter dormancy. Rep. 1896, Vol. [32], White spruce has a transcontinental range in North America. 144 p. Kenety, W.H. Cylindrical pale brown cones (to 2.5" long) have flexible scales.Genus name is reportedly derived from the Latin word pix meaning pitch in reference to the sticky resin typically found in spruce bark.Specific epithet both are in reference to the fact that mature needles of this tree become glaucous (acquire a waxy white bloom) with age. 1953. Dep. Alberta spruce with its soft light green needles and pyramidal shape provides a unique vertical 'structural accent' to the landscape. Genetic control of female flower colour and random mating in white spruce. General Information Scientific name: Picea glauca Pronunciation: PIE-see-uh GLAW-kuh Common name (s): White Spruce Family: Pinaceae USDA hardiness zones: 2A through 6B (Fig. White spruce regeneration on the Peace and Slave River lowlands. MacLean, D.W. (1960). ", Brand, D.G. I. Ecol. 24 p. Sutton, R.F. 9. Branch, For. 275 p. La Roi, G.H. For., For. 2 Reviews. Native Trees of Canada, 7th ed. Ecological effects of forest fires in the interior of Alaska. Jackman, S. D., Warren, R. L., Gibb, E. A., Vandervalk, B. P., Mohamadi, H., Chu, J., Birol, I. The bark is dark gray or gray-brown and scaly. Manage. For. 'Conica' is commonly planted (some say overplanted) as a pyramidal evergreen shrub. ; Harrar, E.S. Embryo and megagametophyte are soft and translucent at first; later the endosperm becomes firm and milky white, while the embryo becomes cream-coloured or light yellow. [35] Collins and Sumner[36] reported finding white spruce within 13km of the Arctic coast in the Firth Valley, Yukon, at about 6930 N, 13930 W. It reaches within 100km of the Pacific Ocean in the Skeena Valley, overlapping with the range of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), and almost reaching the Arctic Ocean at latitude 69 N in the District of Mackenzie, with white spruce up to 15m high occurring on some of the islands in the Delta near Inuvik. Interrelationships among nutrient cycling, regeneration, and subsequent forest development on floodplains in interior Alaska were addressed by Van Cleve et al.,[107] who pointed out that the various stages in primary succession reflect physical, chemical, and biological controls of ecosystem structure and function. [69] The wide range of textures accommodated includes clays, even those that are massive when wet and columnar when dry, sand flats, and coarse soils. Several white spruce communities have been identified in interior Alaska: white spruce/feathermoss; white spruce/dwarf birch/feathermoss; white spruce/dwarf birch/sphagnum; white spruce/avens/moss; and white spruce/alder/bluejoint. 5. [7], The southern edge of the zone in which white spruce forms 60% or more of the total stand corresponds more or less to the July isotherm of 18C (64F) around the Great Lakes; in the Prairie Provinces its limit is north of this isotherm. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Picea glauca 'Conica' Also called Dwarf Alberta White Spruce. ; White, D.P. www.usda.gov/oascr/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer. Ecology 40:333337. Its perfect form, compact growth and dense foliage make it ideal for entry, container and landscape. 1969. HEIGHT: 200-250 cm. Dep. Dep. Dyrness, C.T. ; Ritchie, J. National Res. Range Exp. Other Names: Picea glauca var. From east of the main range of coastal mountains in British Columbia, the southern continuous limit of white spruce is the forest/prairie interface through Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, the northern parts of Minnesota and Wisconsin, central Michigan, northeastern New York, and Maine. This wood is used to build house logs, musical instruments, and paddles. Eastern forest cover types, Boreal Forest Region: white spruce. Accept 1067. They have thin, flexible scales 15 mm long with a smoothly rounded margin. Ltd.]." 1943. The white spruce is used by birds andmammals as a food source and habitat. Picea glauca is a conical shaped conifer with dense grey/green, four sided needle-like foliage. Sierra Club Bull. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250- 9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: program. Geogr. Rep. NOR-X-189. It is widely used in the landscape because of its low maintenance, slow growth habit and rugged dependability. Picea glauca 'Conica' (Dwarf Alberta Spruce) Evergreen, #2 - Size Container Good for small spaces. [50] Spruce characteristically occurs in fingers of tree-form forest, extending far down the northern rivers and as scattered clumps of dwarfed bush spruce on intervening lands. Annual growth does not exceed 2-3 inches, which makes it very popular, especially for compact gardens.
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